The current issue of Professional Skater Magazine had a great article about coaches and their philosophy. Do you know your coach's philosophy? I don't think we ask that question enough. I certainly know what my goals are because my coach asks me. I guess I don't really ask of her, "Enough about me...What's your philosophy?" Heidi Thibert (see right) is the Sport Science Chair at the Professional Skaters Association and she discussed some important factors for coaches to consider in her article "Developing your coaching philosophy." The article was very
interesting too for me as a student, to know where my coach
was coming from.
(Used with the permission of Professional Skaters Association and the author. Reproduction of all or any part herein may be done for educational use only.)
Developing Your Coaching Philosophy
By Heidi Thibert
The first week of June, US Figure Skating and the USOC sent me, and PSA sent Kelley Morris-Adair and Carole Rossignol to the National Coaching Educator’s Conference. We attended many wonderful presentations designed to create programs within sporting organizations with the purpose of continuing education for coaches in all sports. The National Association for Sport and Physical Education has published the National Standards for Sport Coaches "to provide direction for coaching educators, sport administrators, coaches, athletes and their families, and the public regarding the skills and knowledge that coaches should possess.” Over 100 sport organizations agreed that a core body of knowledge existed from which to develop coaching expertise. The 37 Standards, grouped into eight "Domains," identified the scientific and practical competencies.
The first Domain identified is Philosophy and Ethics. The National Standards state that “it is imperative that the coach establishes a coaching philosophy that focuses on the safety, development, and well-being of the athlete. As a key leadership figure, the coach must model and teach appropriate behavior in all aspects of coaching and maintain ethical conduct during practice and competitions.” This article will focus on the development and implementation of an athlete-centered coaching philosophy, which is the first Standard.
The National Standards Benchmarks for developing a coaching philosophy are:
- Identify and communicate reasons for entering the coaching profession.
- Develop an athlete-centered coaching philosophy that aligns with the organizational mission and goals.
- Communicate the athlete-centered coaching philosophy in verbal and written form to athletes, parents/guardians, and program staff.
- Welcome all eligible athletes and implement strategies that encourage the participation of disadvantaged and disabled athletes.
- Manage athlete behavior consistent with an athlete-centered coaching philosophy.
A coaching philosophy that is well-thought out clarifies many aspects of the coach's delivery and presents a consistent and positive message to the skaters being coached. Coaches carry out our roles based on our experience, knowledge, values, opinions and beliefs. With that in mind, each one of us that coach skating needs to take the time to think through and formalize our personal coaching philosophy. So how do we develop a coaching philosophy?
START AT THE VERY BEGINNING, A VERY GOOD PLACE TO START
According the experts in the field of coaching, to develop a formal coaching philosophy, start by creating a coaching philosophy document that states the goals of: improving coaching skills, improving coach/athlete satisfaction, and improving athletic results.
The late great Canadian coach, Frank Reynolds teaches us that, to be successful in the coaching field, use three components to guide you, and adapting them to skating, they would look like this:
- Know yourself as a coach: your strengths, weakness and areas requiring improvement.
- Know what you are up against and the obstacles you may encounter in coaching.
- Understand your skaters, their personalities, abilities, goals, and why they are in skating.
WHAT KIND OF COACH AM I?
It takes an honest self-assessment to admit to having weaknesses, but of course, we all have them. It is just best that they do not interfere with good coaching judgment. If you emphasize your strengths, you will be able to identify consistent ways to coach that best utilizes those strengths. To find out what your coaching strengths are, you can ask yourself a few questions: Are you:
- A former athlete, a natural teacher, or dynamic motivator, or efficient communicator?
- Easy going, energetic and dynamic, serious and strict, or outgoing and friendly?
- Perceived by others the same way you perceive yourself?
The opportunity to make a full assessment of your strengths and
weaknesses and recognizing your morals, values and beliefs, you are
better able to adjust your style of coaching to the skaters you are
coaching. At the same time, you will answer the important questions
on why you chose to be a coach, how you communicate and produce as a
coach and what goals objectives you have as a coach. The saying is
that “Self-knowledge leads to self-confidence”, and you want to
radiate what your values are.
WHO AM I COACHING?
With
regard to your background and experience and the skaters you work
with, it is equally important to understand the perimeters of your
coaching context. You need to have a good understanding of the age,
gender and training level of the skaters you work with. You can ask
yourself several questions to answer those questions:
- How much time do you have to devote to coaching?
- What
is your coaching commitment level?
- How
much time do your skaters have to devote to train and compete?
- What
is the level of commitment that your skaters have?
- What
are the stages that your developmental clientele currently in?
- What
resources do you have available to help your skaters by enhancing
and incorporating other aspects such as sport psychology, nutrition
education or sophisticated technique analysis (i.e. Dartfish, etc.)?
- What
are your short-term,
intermediate and long-term goals for your skaters?
Undoubtedly,
there may be other restrictions that will affect your coaching
effectiveness, such as competition with other sports, school
pressures and outside activities, even parental interference. Knowing
what else is out there enables you to create your annual training
program to the specific needs of the skaters you work with. By
understanding the outside influences that will affect your coaching,
you can incorporate into your coaching some policies on safety,
training habits, and behavior, and adapt to the fact that others make
decisions that affect you and your skaters. Relationships with
parents can be stressful, and a clear plan on how to deal with an
irate or manipulative parent will minimize or avoid a reaction that
might make matters more difficult for you. By developing your
coaching philosophy to encompass the coaching environment you are in,
you can become more effective, productive, and minimize obstacles and
other difficulties.
Communication is a vital aspect in your relationships with your skaters. It is very important to talk to your skaters individually to determine what their values and beliefs are, what their goals are and why they are participating. As a coach, you are a powerful role model and can have a tremendous influence on your skaters if you and your skaters are on the same page. Just as you examined your own values, beliefs and habits, take the time to get to know each of your skaters. Once you know and understand each of your skaters, their strengths, weaknesses abilities and skills, then develop an approach to coaching them. Will you focus on the stars? Will you treat everyone equal in terms of your attention and help? Are you into the team coaching approach, or do you prefer to be a solo act? Questions like these are important to identify your unique style of coaching.
THE JOURNEY IS THE PRIZE
How you as the coach view the results of both training and competition should be a major point of every coaching philosophy. Not many skaters are realistically “Olympic-bound,” and educating skaters that it is more important to focus on their process of development and how they performed in the competition, rather than the results that they achieved, cannot be emphasized enough. In a skating competition there can be only one first place. Does that mean everyone else is a loser? Of course not! Therefore, to build confidence and to see measurable progress, and to learn positively from mistakes made, coaches should focus on the process and not the outcomes with skaters. Encourage the skaters and parents follow your lead. Because the outcomes are obvious, it takes extra effort from the coach, parent and skater to see the benefit and results of the process of preparing for the competition.
CONCLUSION
Whether we take the time to design a coaching philosophy or not, all coaches operate under a coaching philosophy of some kind that is defined by our actions and beliefs. It can happen by default, or it can happen by a plan that will create a coaching roadmap for you that is realistic and rewarding for both you and your skaters in the form of improved performance. Coaching is all about helping skaters achieve their dreams. It should be done positively, intelligently and with dedication. The positive coach and role model, following a well defined coaching philosophy will be a key ingredient in the success of his or her skaters. For that reason alone, the development of a formal coaching philosophy statement is an essential first step for all coaches.
If you have questions about the National Standards for Sport Coaches, you can e-mail Heidi Thibert at: thi[AT]frii[DOT]com. Please replace [AT] with @ and [DOT] with .
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